Chapter 626 The Highest Energy Particle Collision Since the Founding of the Country!

After solving the problem of how to "repay" John Bull.

Li Jue and Lao Guo pushed Xu Yun's wheelchair and returned to their original position.

Although everyone, including the young scholar who spoke up before, was eager to know what the countermeasure proposed by Xu Yun was.

However, the confidentiality acquired from long-term scientific research at the base still made them suppress the urge to ask questions.

The base will definitely tell them what they should know, and there is no need to forcefully inquire about what they should not know.

Anyway, judging from the expressions of Li Jue and Lao Guo, the plan proposed by Xu Yun should be highly feasible - that's enough.

After returning to their positions.

Lao Guo cast a look at Zhao Zhongyao that said [I've already come up with a plan that can give the British a pot of wine. I'll tell you later. Now turn on the machine and stop talking], and Zhao Zhongyao responded with a look that said [You don't even use punctuation marks. Do you believe I'll stuff cockroaches into your wine bottle?] - don't ask why they can communicate so much, just ask for the tacit understanding between comrades.

Then Zhao Zhongyao took another deep breath, turned to look at Xu Yun, and asked:

"Xiao Han, since we are going to test run this tandem electrostatic accelerator now, what high-pressure gas should we use to replace argon?"

"Could it be helium or neon?"

Xu Yun shook his head and explained to Zhao Zhongyao:

"Director Zhao, these two gases are not good either. Due to structural problems, they will also show abnormalities in an environment with excessive gradients - this is a phenomenon discovered by Cambridge University during the experiment."

"Although the specific principle that causes this abnormality is still unknown, common natural protective gases are basically ineffective."

Zhao Zhongyao said softly, and keenly noticed a word in Xu Yun's words:

"Xiao Xu, are you saying that natural gas is ineffective? Then could artificial gas be used in the high-voltage generator?"

Xu Yun nodded at him, and considering that it was not the end of the chapter and it was not easy to break the chapter, he gave a direct answer;

"Yes, as far as I know, the high-pressure gas used by Cambridge University is artificially synthesized SF6."

SF6.

Its Chinese name is the famous sulfur hexafluoride.

This thing has a nickname in later generations, called the overlord of insulating gases.

The molecular structure of sulfur hexafluoride is a symmetrical octahedron, with sulfur atoms in the middle and fluorine atoms at the six corners, and S and F atoms are connected by covalent bonds.

Its equivalent diameter is 4.58, which is larger than the equivalent diameter of water molecules. Sulfur hexafluoride of the same volume and pressure is 5.1 times heavier than air.

The six F atoms on the top are very active atoms. Outside the nucleus, the number of inner electrons is 2 and the number of outer electrons is 7. Only one electron is missing to achieve a stable electron layer distribution.

Students who were not pissed off by their high school chemistry teachers should know this.

When the number of electrons in the outermost layer of the nucleus exceeds 4, it has the ability to absorb external electrons. As the number of outer electrons increases, its ability to absorb electrons also increases.

Therefore, fluorine atoms with 7 outer electrons have the largest electron affinity among halogen elements, which is the so-called negative electronegativity.

The existence of this electronegativity gives sulfur hexafluoride gas excellent insulation properties.

When electron emission occurs between electrodes under a certain field strength, the free electrons between the electrodes will soon be adsorbed by sulfur hexafluoride, which greatly hinders the development of the collision ionization process, causing the inter-electrode ionization degree to decrease and the voltage tolerance to increase.

Even in 2023 when Xu Yun traveled through time, sulfur hexafluoride is the absolute leader in the insulation field.

In terms of the current trend, fluoroketone mixed gas will have the opportunity to challenge its position - this is only a possible trend.

The energy level of later tandem accelerators basically starts at dozens of MeV, so the high-pressure gas they use is sulfur hexafluoride without exception.

More importantly.

Even in this era of low technological level, the production process of sulfur hexafluoride gas is still quite mature:

It is an artificial inert gas synthesized by two Gallic chemists, Moissan and Lebeau, in 1900. Around 1940, it was used in the Manhattan Project across the sea and provided commercial use in 1947.

As of this year, more than 40 countries around the world have mastered the production process of SF6.

By the way.

Didn't the above say that the structure of this thing is a symmetrical octahedron?

Since the angle between the bond positions of this substance is 103.5°, the covalent bond between the S and F atoms in the plane state looks like a flagpole.

The six fluorine atoms on it are like a flag, and the background color of most plane diagrams is also white. In addition, it was invented by the French, so many people also call it white flag gas.

Let's return to reality.

The rabbits independently mastered the production process of sulfur hexafluoride gas 9 years ago under the efforts of Academician Wang You. Now many regional factories are using sulfur hexafluoride, not to mention the confidential hinterland of the 221 base.

At the same time, it is a coincidence.

Liu Youcheng's chemical laboratory is also within the scope of the seventh branch factory, only a hundred meters away from Xu Yun and his team.

Therefore, it takes less than half an hour.

Zhao Zhongyao brought Liu Youcheng and Wang Ganchang back to the scene and said to everyone:

"Director, Lao Guo, Xiao Han, the sulfur hexafluoride gas has been pressurized and successfully introduced into the high-voltage generator!"

Li Jue's face relaxed when he saw this, and he asked Xu Yun:

"Xiao Han, now that the high-pressure gas problem has been solved, why don't you go check that equipment again?"

Xu Yun glanced at Li Jue with a smile, and nodded after a few seconds.

In fact, as far as the current situation is concerned, there is no need to check the equipment again.

After all, apart from the high-pressure gas, the only thing left in the entire accelerator is the ion source and the material supply module.

The remaining parts are all real hardware. It is impossible for the British to manipulate such explicit links. After all, the two parties signed an agreement in secret.

Again, some people may be bad, but they are not stupid.

Not to mention that if there is a problem with the hardware equipment, it is impossible for Zhao Zhongyao and Wang Ganchang not to discover it.

The remaining ion sources are provided by the base itself, and there is no possibility of being hacked.

However, considering that Li Jue or all rabbits have a stable character, Xu Yun decided to check again.

after an hour.

After completing the re-examination, Xu Yun followed Lao Guo, Zhao Zhongyao and others back to Li Jue.

At this time, everyone's location was also moved from the warehouse where the 2.5MeV accelerator was originally located to the location of the tandem accelerator with an air shower room.

Or you can call this accelerator research center.

Then Xu Yun glanced at Li Jue and said:

"Director, Director Zhao and I checked again. Except for the high-pressure gas we discovered before, the other modules are all normal."

Li Jue nodded after hearing this and handed over the on-site command to Lao Guo:

"Come on, friend, a layman will not guide an expert, so it is you who will give the guidance next time."

Lao Guo and Li Jue were old partners, so they were not polite when they saw this, and said directly to Zhao Zhongyao;

"Comrade Zhongyao, please inform Comrade Wang Jing to turn on the power."

Zhao Zhongyao said yes, quickly walked to the operating table, picked up the microphone and said:

"Xiao Wang, turn on the power!"

Hear this.

Wang Ganchang, who had entered the main body of the equipment, which was the other side of the glass, and whose pseudonym was Wang Jing, immediately gave Zhao Zhongyao a thumbs-up and at the same time pulled down a gate.

This gate is the main power switch of the accelerator. Because the accelerator has a huge load and is prone to tripping, the gate must be pressed by someone on site.

Buzz buzz——

As the gate is pulled down.

A low vibrating sound gradually sounded in everyone's ears, as if someone had placed a vibrating egg on the wall next to your bedroom.

Immediately afterwards.

Fifteen seconds later.

The first indicator light at the top of the right console came on.

This is a signal that the high-voltage generator starts to operate - of course, since there are no integrated circuits these days, this signal only serves as a reminder.

At 5.2 atmospheres absolute.

462 kilograms of sulfur hexafluoride gas quickly filled the inside of the generator, and the transmission belt made of insulating material began to move continuously between the two rotating shafts, rotating and jumping. I closed my eyes.

Another thirty seconds passed.

The rabbits' own source of negative ions began to deflect the magnets.

This is a tube-type ion source independently developed by Rabbits. Although it is inferior to the Kaufman ion source across the sea and the Bear ion source, you must know that the ion source was only born from Kaufman at this time. Just three years

at the same time.

The operator's announcement also sounded on the operating platform:

“Report! The deflection radius of the deflection magnet is R=11’’, and the error from the expected set radius is 0!”

"Report! The mass resolution is about 17!"

"The electrospray needle is about to conduct corona discharge, count down to five! Five, four, three, two, one!"

snap——

With a crisp sound that everyone could hear, a switch on the tandem accelerator popped open like a spring.

at the same time.

In the microscopic world that cannot be observed by the naked eye.

A negative ion beam is accelerated from zero.

It is first ejected from the three-phase pipeline of the ion source, with an initial mass and energy level of 2.7 MeV.

Then under the action of the accelerating tube, their energy levels begin to gradually increase.

3.7MeV

9.3MeV

12.3MeV

19.4MeV

23.8MeV

When the negative ion beam is accelerated to 24MeV, its energy level has reached the upper limit - because the magnitude of the electromagnetic field is so large.

But at this time.

A strange thing appeared in front of this negative ion beam, that is

High voltage generator.

Then, before the negative ion beam reacts, it enters the high-voltage generator body.

Then the countless negative ions in this negative ion beam suddenly discovered something extremely terrifying:

Under the action of the charge exchange chamber, their balls are stripped of the electrons in their bodies!

As a result, these countless negative ions suddenly turned into positive ions.

More importantly.

The acceleration principle of the tandem electrostatic accelerator relies on magnetic fields and electric fields. Therefore, after the current electrical change of the particles, the cations start a second round of acceleration - this acceleration does not return to the original path, but continues to move in the original direction, because Both ends of the accelerator are at ground potential, and the middle is the high-voltage electrode. (Students who don’t understand will be able to understand by holding two cones close to each other.)

under the influence of voltage.

Discovering that it was fine without the balls, Cation began to let himself go, faster and faster, and finally came

77.777MeV!

This energy level is close to the limit of this tandem accelerator. After all, the so-called 80MeV is only the design level. In fact, due to losses in various processes, particles can never reach this number.

According to the experimental records of Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge.

The laboratory conducted a total of 17 collision experiments before sending this accelerator to the CERN headquarters. The highest magnitude was only 76MeV, and the lowest magnitude was even around 50MeV.

The cation beam that had reached its limit quickly passed through the analyzer outside the steel cylinder (the thing on the weather Doppler radar), then passed through a section of beam transport pipeline, and finally hit the solid target. .

This solid target is also a tool developed by the base with the assistance of Xu Yun. The process mainly involves depositing lithium onto a zinc-containing substrate, which is considered a very simple target making technology.

However, the reaction threshold energy of this hybrid target is lower than that of common beryllium targets, and the resonance peak is about 17.5 MeV, which is quite friendly to today's rabbits.

At the same time the cation beam hits the target.

drop--

The last indicator light on the operating table also lit up at the same time, and a soft, long-lasting and uninterrupted tone sounded throughout the operating room.

When Zhao Zhongyao and others saw this, their chests suddenly relaxed.

According to the operating manual provided by the British.

This tandem accelerator may produce two beeps after completing the collision:

If the sound is short and spaced [dit-dit-dit], it means that the cation beam is deflected and does not hit the target.

This is actually a very common thing in this era. After all, the reason why particle acceleration in later generations is accurate is because of the assistance of the focusing system. This step requires at least two quadrupole magnets to form a structure called a FODO cell - which is what Xu Yun did in 1850. The thing that the copy did.

However, the technology of this year is obviously not as complete as that of later generations. Although some experts have also thought of magnetic field focusing, the effect is not ideal due to technical limitations.

Generally speaking, half of ten particle collisions are successful, which is considered good.

Once the collision is successful, that is, the ion beam hits the target target, a continuous sound similar to a whistle will sound on the console, and there will be no signs of interruption during this period.

The current prompt sound clearly belongs to the latter, in other words.

Base 221’s first high-energy (really high-energy for this era) experimental trial run, there were no surprises in the process!

However, Zhao Zhongyao's excitement had not passed long before he was shocked back by Lao Guo's words:

"Zhongyao, what's the result of the collision? When will the result of the collision be available?"

"Such a high-energy collision has never been carried out before. If we are lucky, will there be something that we have not been able to find before?"

Hear this.

Swish——

Zhao Zhongyao turned his head instantly and fixed his gaze on the person on the other side of the glass who was carefully removing a metal plate.

Wang Ganchang!

Note:

Additional updates will start on the 18th, and the vest defense battle begins again!