Chapter 621 The Possibility of Explosive Iteration (Part 2)

"Zhendong, Yongzhong, what do you think?"

Observation room.

Hearing what Wang Yuan said.

Liu Zhendong and Yu Yongzhong looked at each other and made a brief exchange with their eyes. Then Yu Yongzhong said:

"Wang Gong, let me say a few words."

Wang Yuan nodded immediately:

"Say it."

Liu Zhendong and Wu Yongzhong can be regarded as Wang Yuan's second generals. However, Liu Zhendong's work direction is more in the actual debugging and production of explosives, and Yu Yongzhong's experience in research and development is indeed richer.

Then Yu Yongzhong took a deep breath, raised his head and glanced at Xu Yun, and slowly said:

"Wang Gong, I think the plan mentioned by Comrade Han Li should be feasible to a certain extent."

"First of all, I have been exposed to the chromatographic separation of nitrite solution mentioned by Comrade Han Li - I happened to be in charge of gas chromatography detection when I was at the Institute of Geophysical Research."

"Although gas chromatography and liquid chromatography are technically very different, the core principles of the two are similar, so I have some understanding of liquid chromatography."

"As far as I know, the head-on method and the displacement method of liquid chromatography are now very mature. The 256 Institute in Shanghai has just introduced an alumina-filled distribution chromatograph with the help of overseas Chinese."

"So I personally think there should be no problem with what Comrade Han Li said."

Chromatographic detection.

This is a very common technology in modern times, and its prototype can be traced back to before AD.

Around 500 BC, a detection method almost appeared in the East and the West at the same time:

Fabric merchants would place a drop of a solution containing a mixture of pigments on a piece of cloth or paper and analyze the dyes and pigments by observing the concentric rings created by the solution spreading out.

The essence of this method is actually the basic principle of modern chromatography.

Then in 1903.

Tswett, a woolly bear botanist, published a paper titled "A new adsorption phenomenon and its application in biochemical analysis" at the Biological Society meeting of the Natural Sciences Society in Warsaw.

The paper proposed a new method for separating plant pigments using the principle of adsorption. This work marked the beginning of modern chromatography.

At that time, he packed calcium carbonate into a vertical glass column and poured petroleum ether leaching solution of plant pigments from the top.

Then further washing with solvent causes the solute to form obvious color bands in different parts of the column.

In this way he publicly demonstrated a solution of plant pigments purified by chromatography, and a column showing colored bands on the chromatogram.

Tswett named this method chromatography, the filling in the tube is called the stationary phase, and the flushing agent is called the mobile phase.

1941.

Martin et al. used water-saturated silica gel as the stationary phase and chloroform containing ethanol as the mobile phase. The separation of acetyl amino acids was the first application of partition chromatography - and then they proposed the chromatography plate theory that laid the foundation for the development of chromatography technology.

Now 20 years have passed.

Chromatography technology has achieved relatively mature results in the direction of liquid-solid chromatography, and is so popular that even the neighbor named Jin next door has mastered the relevant technology.

Last year, scientists across the sea also successfully developed a fine-grained high-efficiency packed chromatography column, which greatly improved the separation capability of liquid chromatography.

And it's interesting.

With the help of some patriotic overseas Chinese.

This distribution chromatograph with a fine-grained and highly efficient packed column was successfully shipped back to China at the beginning of this year.

What?

Who is the matchmaker, you ask?

you still need to ask?

Of course it was Comrade Qu Runpu, ahem, Mr. Qu Runpu, an old acquaintance of the rabbits.

all in all.

With the assistance of such a set of equipment, there should be no problems with the chromatographic separation of nitrite solution.

Then Yu Yongzhong paused and continued:

"As for the second step of the aldehyde-amine condensation reaction, if I understand Comrade Han Li correctly."

"This should be the process of covalent cross-linking between compounds with aldehyde groups and compounds with amino groups through the condensation of aldehyde groups and imino groups into Schiff bases, right?"

Xu Yun nodded happily.

The concept of chemical groups was proposed very early, as early as 1837, it was introduced by Liebichty and Wheeler.

Nowadays, concepts such as amino group, cyano group and aldehyde group are compulsory for chemistry students.

With Yu Yongzhong's ability, it is not surprising that he understood Xu Yun's meaning so quickly.

Of course.

Xu Yun's introduction ended here. Xu Yun did not mention more about the more in-depth peptide chains, cross-linking bonds and collagen structure.

After all, these concepts have not yet come out, and the explanation is very complicated and meaningless-anyway, the synthesis process of CL20 only involves aldehyde-amine condensation.

And the other side.

After receiving Xu Yun's affirmation, Yu Yongzhong picked up the paper and pen and continued to explain his understanding:

"Since it is a covalent cross-linking process, the mechanism of the aldehyde-amine condensation reaction can theoretically have two situations."

"One is CH2C6H5[NO+]N (NO) CH2C6H5→NOHN+CHC6H5+H2O→C6H5CHONH[NO+]NNO"

"The other is NCHC6H5HN 2O4N＋O→NOCHC6H5NNO＋C6H5CHO"

"When the TADNSIW formed above reacts with a nitrating agent, a nitrosamine and tertiary acetamide reaction occurs, and the nitrosolysis mechanism of HNIW nitrosamines is similar to that of tertiary amines."

"Following the dehydration reaction of amines with aldehydes and ketones, monomethanolamine is first generated, and then further dehydration under acid or alkali catalysis can generate imines."

"But since nitroamine contains two nitrogens with different reactivity, from the reaction equation, there are two ways to react between nitroamine and formaldehyde. One is to use N1 on the nitroamine as the nucleophilic center."

Seeing Yu Yongzhong writing the derivation process eloquently on the paper, Xu Yun couldn't help but feel a surge of emotion in his heart.

He is indeed the top boss among the rabbits in the field of explosives.

He only briefly mentioned the preparation process and molecular structure, but Yu Yongzhong was able to think of such a profound level.

To know.

These days, the aldehyde-amine condensation reaction is still an area in the chemical field where the fog of war is thick.

After all, it involves many complex microscopic reactions, and current theories and technologies are far from being in-depth. It will take several years before the entire concept is fully understood.

For example, carbon-carbon bonds, alpha-hydrogen bonding, etc.

Although Xu Yun respected many of the seniors present, he had to admit that Yu Yongzhong's ability was indeed higher than that of Wang Yuan and others.

Nowadays, Yu Yongzhong has not been able to become the leader of a certain research group. A large part of the reason lies in his age - he is only 27 years old now.

Although there are not many scandals about seniority in the 221 base, everyone subconsciously thinks that the age of the project leader cannot be too young.

As the saying goes.

If you have no hair on your lips, you will not be able to do things well. This concept is also very common in later generations.

For example, when people go to the hospital to see a doctor or choose a teacher for their children, few people choose young people - experience and age are indeed equivalent most of the time.

So generally speaking.

Unless there are rare cases like Xu Yun who convince everyone with his performance again and again, it is difficult for most people to directly become the person in charge of a certain project in their 20s - especially the key to the development of explosives. on the subject.

However, with Wu Yongzhong's ability, it would be a matter of time before he came forward.

Think of this.

Xu Yun brought his mind back to reality, preparing to wrap up the topic of CL20 after Yongzhong completed the derivation.

After all, he had almost finished all the information that needed to be said. The rest was mainly the tasks of Wang Yuan and Yu Yongzhong's research and development team, and he couldn't help much.

Judging from Yu Yongzhong's derivation process, it should not take long for him to finish.

But while Xu Yun was waiting.

Yu Yongzhong, who was doing the paper derivation, suddenly paused with his pen tip and let out a soft moan:

"Huh?"

At this time, everyone in the observation room was paying attention to Yongzhong. Seeing his strange expression, Lao Guo couldn't help but ask:

"Comrade Yongzhong, what happened?"

"."

Yu Yongzhong was silent for a moment, put the end of the pen against his chin, and gently shook his head:

"Something happened, but it's not a derivation problem. It's just that I personally feel that something is a little strange."

Xu Yun was suddenly startled.

strangeness?

what does this mean?

But before Xu Yun had time to speak, Yu Yongzhong took out another piece of paper and started writing:

"Comrade Han Li, according to you, explosives like CL20 should have a standard three-dimensional structure, right?"

Xu Yun nodded.

This is information he mentioned a long time ago, and it is also the most essential difference between CL20 and the previous three generations of explosives.

Upon seeing this, Yu Yongzhong wrote again:

"The three-dimensional structure, that is, its structural formula is definitely different from our existing four-membered rings. It should be an undefined five-membered ring or a six-membered ring."

"Then the six nitro groups in the molecule can have different spatial orientations relative to the five-membered ring and the six-membered ring. The stacking method of the crystal lattice and the number of molecules in the unit cell are also different, so the possible crystal form should be."

"24 species."

Swish——

Yu Yongzhong quickly wrote down several configurations on the calculation paper.

The concept of cyclization reaction would not be proposed by R. B. Woodward in 1973, but the prototypes of three-membered rings and four-membered rings had already appeared in the 1950s.

It’s just that the current understanding of three-membered rings and four-membered rings in the chemical community is relatively limited. The most well-understood substance is cyclopropane—and this thing can only be regarded as an entry-level entry in the cyclization structure.

But on the other hand.

Although I don’t have a deep understanding of three- and four-membered rings.

But this does not prevent Yu Yongzhong from guessing that CL20 has a five-membered ring or even a six-membered ring structure.

This is a logical problem - because a four-membered ring cannot support a three-dimensional structure.

Just like the fuel used in the curvature engine must not be coal, only a five-membered ring can support a three-dimensional configuration.

Of course.

The above sentence is based on the understanding of this era.

If we look at it according to the knowledge system of later generations, four-membered rings are not all planar structures - because bond angle tension is not the only source of tension.

For example, cyclobutane and cyclopentane are not planar structures, but have envelope and half-chair configurations, so I won’t go into details here.

His eyes returned to reality.

"Consultant Han, I have an idea that may be a bit wild."

Then Yu Yongzhong pushed the calculation paper in front of Xu Yun and said to him carefully:

"Advisor Han, look, from the structural formula, CL20 is obviously a high-density, high-nitrogen compound."

"At the same time, due to the three-dimensional structure, the natural state of a single bond should be around 109.5 degrees-because it has to support the structure."

"So I was thinking that since this three-dimensional structure can be stable, what will happen if we remove all other impurities?"

"According to the law of gas diffusion, the higher the decomposition rate of the compound and the smaller the average relative molecular mass of the product gas, the higher its detonation velocity."

"So if we can remove the impurities of the compound and only leave the nitrogen clusters, then wouldn't the power of this explosive be greater?"

Looking at Yu Yongzhong who was getting more and more excited.

At this moment, Xu Yun's mind was only a row of question marks rising and falling:

"???????"

wdnmd Oh!

What did I hear?

Remove the impurities of the compound and only leave the nitrogen clusters?

You can think of this tmd?

So you Yus are all monsters, right?

As we all know.

In 2023, when Xu Yun traveled through time, CL20 was known as a subnuclear explosive and won the title of the fourth generation of explosives.

But in the laboratory field, it is not the most powerful explosive.

In non-application fields.

There are three main new substances known as the fifth generation of explosives:

One is niobium-titanium-magnesium.

It is rumored that this substance will explode if you look at it for a long time, and it will melt if you get close to it. The main structure is aluminum-cerium-magnesium.

The second is metallic hydrogen.

The principle of this thing is that under ultra-high pressure, hydrogen atoms are tightly combined to produce metallic bonds, which have metallic characteristics.

Theoretically, it is a room temperature superconductor with excellent electrical conductivity and can also be used as high-quality rocket fuel.

In early 2017.

The research team at Harvard University announced that solid metallic hydrogen was produced for the first time by applying a high pressure of 495GPa to hydrogen.

But on February 22 of the same year.

Harvard University also claimed that due to operational errors, the diamond container containing metallic hydrogen had just cracked, and this metallic hydrogen sample disappeared strangely.

As of 2023.

Metallic hydrogen is still like a fishing guy's vest. It seems to be very close, but it is actually hard to find.

In addition to metallic hydrogen, the third more powerful explosive is.

All nitrogen anion salt.

Mentioned earlier.

The so-called explosive.

It relies on breaking unstable chemical bonds and forming stable bonds to release the potential energy stored in molecules, and then do work externally.

If the chemical bond energy is subdivided, there are actually three categories:

Unstable single bond/double bond 100~400kJ/mol,

Stable double bond 600~700 kJ/mol,

and nitrogen-nitrogen triple bond N2) or carbon-oxygen triple bond 1072 kJ/mol (CO).

In terms of magnitude, the energy difference between them is not large.

Therefore, after the advent of CL20.

If you want to obtain cross-order of magnitude power, it is almost impossible to solve it simply through chemical energy.

So.

The chemical industry has set its sights on high energy density materials.

The energetic pure nitrogen species is one of the ultra-high energy density materials.

It includes nitrogen clusters (N4, etc.), highly polynitrogen, pure nitrogen anions/cations (N3/N5+/N5), etc.

Because its product is mainly nitrogen gas, it releases extremely high energy, and breaking the unstable N-N bond only requires a free radical homolysis process, and the reaction rate is usually very fast, so in general, its work power will also be very high.

Of course.

Polyazoles and oxaazoles/furazans with high density and good oxygen balance also have extremely high power.

The physical record of all-nitrogen cationic salts can be traced back to 1998.

At that time, the Propulsion Science and Advanced Concepts Department of the Air Force Research Laboratory of the country across the sea tinkered with this thing, but it has not been able to be put into production due to stability issues.

Then in 2017.

Jinling Institute of Technology synthesized the first all-nitrogen anionic salt, whose explosive power is more than ten times that of TNT and three to four times higher than CL20.

It's just that Xu Yun didn't mention the all-nitrogen anion salt for the sake of keeping a low profile.

After all, CL20 can power not only the atomic bomb, but also the subsequent hydrogen bomb and neutron bomb.

Since CL20 is useful, there is no need to mention all-nitrogen anion salt.

Unexpectedly.

Yu Yongzhong actually thought of this thing based on his own hunch before the concept of cyclization reaction and electron hybrid orbital was formally proposed?

This TMD is too outrageous.

God has eyes, this time it's not Xu Yun's own fault

Of course.

Ideas are ideas.

It will be difficult for all-nitrogen anion salt to be produced in the laboratory in 2023, let alone at this time.

The value of Yu Yongzhong's concept lies more in the strategic field.

Just like the meteorological Doppler radar opened a way for domestic radar research, all-nitrogen anion salt also pointed out a very promising direction.

Thinking of this.

Xu Yun's heart couldn't help but beat faster:

Indeed.

Considering the time and technology, it is almost impossible for me to see the all-nitrogen anion salt before the end of the copy.

But don't forget.

More than ten years later, the rabbits and a certain ungrateful wolf will still fight.

According to the time, it should not be difficult for the rabbits to master this thing.

If this is true, it will be a lot of fun.

Note:

Due to some reasons, the plot of explosives ends here, and there will be no more explosives in the future. The foreshadowing would have been deeper.

In addition, some classmates asked about the update. I have been in the laboratory recently, so the update may be less. I will probably start to update after the 20th, just like last month.