Chapter 623: No Good Intentions Indeed

To be honest.

Due to the limitations of the concepts and technology of this era, the processes of many laboratories in the 221 base are not standardized.

For example, the biochemical laboratory in charge of Liu Youcheng.

In addition to studying donkey hair and apocrine secretions, that laboratory usually undertakes various complex and even high-risk research projects.

For example, the research and development and synthesis of flammable and explosive materials, highly corrosive or highly toxic substances, etc.

But even for those high-risk projects, Liu Youcheng and his team's protective equipment is just a mask and a cotton lab coat - there are no other protective equipment such as goggles and clean rooms.

Once Xu Yun even saw Liu Youcheng carrying cigarettes and matches in his pocket. If this behavior was put in the future, it would be estimated that graduate students would not be able to graduate.

There is no way.

Although this time point has been out of the category of "modern times", it is still different from the real modern concept.

Because of this, Xu Yun originally thought that the warehouse of the tandem electrostatic accelerator would be similar to Liu Youcheng's laboratory, but after entering the laboratory, he found that he seemed to have thought wrong.

After entering the factory, what appeared in front of Xu Yun and others was not the operating table of the serial accelerator, but a special ventilation room.

There were two fans on both sides of the ventilation room, and each base leader who entered the factory had to be blown through before entering the next location.

This mode is somewhat similar to the air shower room in later generations. Although there is no equipment like rotating spray balls, the principle is very close.

After passing through this youth version of the air shower room.

The base also equipped latex gloves and white work clothes, with a strong smell of disinfectant on the work clothes-84 had not been produced in this year, so this thing should be Lysol.

Lysol is also known as cresol soap or coal phenol soap. It is a medium-effective disinfectant. The name comes from the transliteration of Lysol.

Lysol is a real rare commodity these days. Even the frequency of use in the staff hospital is not high.

This is probably the most sophisticated cleaning process Xu Yun has seen since he traveled through time. In a sense, this already has some of the prototypes required by later laboratories.

This is undoubtedly a good thing. Although these processes are somewhat complicated and cumbersome, they are actually indispensable processes.

More than ten minutes later.

After Xu Yun, Lao Guo and others were dressed, they were put into a standard room.

The area of ​​this room is about 80 square meters, and the layout is a standard rectangle. It is about 4X20 in size.

At the same time, the room is divided into left and right sides with the door as the central axis. On the ground on both sides, there is a set of military green operating tables. The height of the operating table is about one meter, and many buttons and indicator lights can be seen on it.

Behind the operating table is a piece of transparent glass, and on the other side of the glass is a huge device:

This device is like a horizontally placed recorder, with a circular chassis on the far left, and the area of ​​the chassis exceeds all other structures.

To the right of the chassis is a cylinder about three meters high. The bottom of the cylinder is connected to a circular pipe more than ten meters long, with a diameter of about 1.5 meters, and a large number of silver-white coils are wrapped around the pipe.

At the far right end of the pipe is a pile of indicators and square iron boxes, and some hydraulic equipment similar to water pipes can also be seen.

"Everyone."

Seeing that everyone locked their eyes on this set of equipment as soon as they entered the room, Zhao Zhongyao, who had not spoken much before, spoke:

"Comrades, let me formally introduce to you that this room we are in is the operating room specially prepared for this tandem accelerator."

"The two sets of equipment on the left and right sides of the room are the operating tables of the accelerator, which can perform operations such as timing, equipment startup, and command input."

"As for the equipment behind the operating room, that is, on the other side of the glass, it is naturally the main body of the accelerator."

Hearing this.

Many leaders looked at the pipeline equipment behind the glass again.

These eyes were inquiring, expectant, confused, but also questioning.

After all, particle accelerators these days are really unpopular concepts that cannot be more unpopular, and related researchers are even fewer than scholars working on nuclear weapons.

When Zhao Zhongyao was working on the electrostatic accelerator, some leaders in charge of ministries and commissions even thought that it was an enhanced version of power transmission equipment that could generate electricity using static electricity.

Therefore, it is normal for some leaders to be skeptical about the so-called "accelerator can analyze the essence of the world".

Compared to the complex emotions of other leaders, Xu Yun's eyes were purely curious.

As a practitioner of particle physics in his previous life, Xu Yun had heard a lot about the name of this serial electrostatic accelerator named PICK by Cambridge University-because it is so special.

It was mentioned earlier.

Particle accelerators can be divided into two categories: rotary accelerators and linear accelerators.

A rotary accelerator is also called a cyclotron accelerator. It accelerates particles through an electromagnetic field. The orbit is a circle. For example, the synchrotron accelerator of the LHC, the world's largest particle collider, is of this type.

A linear accelerator is a straight line. It uses electromagnetic fields and electron traps to accelerate particles.

The history of linear accelerators can be traced back to 1931, when Van de Graaff invented the electrostatic accelerator with a proton energy of up to 1.5MeV.

However, the history of tandem accelerators is much later. It was not until the success of negative ion sources and atomic stripping technology that the world's first tandem accelerator was invented.

If the electrostatic accelerator is regarded as Huawei mate30, then the series electrostatic accelerator is the pro version of mate30.

And why do we say that the PICK serial accelerator is special?

Because before this accelerator was produced, the world's highest energy level tandem accelerator was only 13.4MeV.

At that time, there were about seven or eight devices in the 13.4 MeV range, all of which were struggling in the 10-13 range.

As a result, the University of Cambridge somehow got mad and came up with this accelerator that can reach 80MeV.

This is not over yet.

This accelerator is also the first in human history to discover W and Z bosons, the first to verify J particles, and the first to complete magnetic field focusing.

In a sense.

This accelerator is equivalent to the iPhone 4 launched by Steve Jobs, which opened the door to a new field.

It's a pity that this accelerator has been retired for an unknown number of years in 2023. Xu Yun only heard about it by name but was unable to see its true appearance.

So now that this accelerator appeared in front of him, Xu Yun was not curious that it was impossible.

While Xu Yun was observing the accelerator, Li Jue on the side raised his hand like a curious baby:

"Comrade Zhongyao, I have a question. How does this particle accelerator you are talking about accelerate those particles?"

"I heard Guangda and the others say before when they were doing chain analysis that the lifespan of particles is generally very short. So how do you ensure that particles can continue to exist?"

Hearing Li Jue's words.

Zhao Zhongyao and Wang Ganchang next to him looked at each other, with a slight smile on their faces at the same time.

As the head of the base's experimental department, Wang Ganchang has heard people ask this question many times in the past.

Then Zhao Zhongyao looked at Wang Ganchang and said, "Let's talk about it." Wang Ganchang started popular science for Li Jue:

"Director Li, the particle lifetime you mentioned actually refers to the time the particles exist in the air."

"The particles in our particle accelerator mainly come from the ion source. They are injected into the acceleration pipe through the injector and move at high speed. The experiment can be completed before they decay."

"The negative ion beam is generated from the negative ion source, and is injected into an accelerating tube of the tandem accelerator through pre-acceleration and analysis magnets. Since the high-voltage electrode of the accelerator is positive, it attracts negative ions, and the particles are accelerated once in the direction of the high-voltage electrode."

"When negative ions enter the high-voltage electrode, they are transformed into positive ions with N charge units through the charge stripper. Then the positive ions enter the second accelerating tube, and are repulsed by the positive high voltage, and are accelerated for the second time. ”

"The particles after two accelerations have gained enough energy, and at the same time their lifespan does not exceed the decay time, so the experiment can be completed naturally."

Xu Yun on the side also nodded in agreement when he heard this.

Particle lifetime.

This is actually a concept that is easily misunderstood in particle accelerators.

For example, when Xu Yun wrote novels in his previous life, he happened to also write about the plot of accelerators in the 1960s, so some readers expressed confusion - how were particles preserved at the technological level at that time?

This is actually a very serious mistake. Even in 2023, when Xu Yun traveled back in time, most particles could not be preserved for a long time.

Note that the [long term] here is not measured in days or hours, but in seconds.

For example, Xu Yun can extend the life of isolated particles to more than four hours. This is already an extremely rare thing. It can only be seen in novels.

The particles used in almost all particle accelerators are not stock, but particles generated in real time through various means.

Therefore, even in the current era of particle accelerators, there is no problem of particle transportation and storage - it is not that the technology is immature, but that there is no such concept at all.

After listening to Wang Ganchang's explanation, Li Jue also touched his chin as if he didn't understand:

"I see. I understand, this is what co-authorship is about."

Lao Guo next to Xu Yun gave Li Jue a sideways glance, "You can just pretend."

Then Zhao Zhongyao led everyone to the wall on the left, where a relatively simple accelerator structure diagram was hung.

Zhao Zhongyao picked up a feather duster from the table nearby and used it as a pointer to introduce the drawings:

"Comrades, this is the accelerator structure diagram sent by Cambridge. We also assembled it according to this diagram."

"This tandem accelerator is a horizontal linear accelerator. Its structure is a high-voltage generator equipped with an ion source, an accelerating tube, an analyzer, a voltage stabilization and control system, and a vacuum system."

"The terminal voltage of the accelerator is 15 megavolts, the height of the high-voltage generator is 3.2 meters, and the length of the accelerating tube is 17.6 meters."

"The high-voltage generator contains high-voltage gas with good insulation properties, and the insulating pillars are equipped with components such as voltage dividing rings and corona needle assemblies."

"In the entire acceleration process, first, the positive ion beam generated by the positive ion source must be transformed into a neutral beam through the charge neutralization tube, and then injected into the two-stage tandem accelerator of the negative high-voltage electrode. The first accelerating tube will not accelerate. "

"When the particles reach the inside of the high-voltage electrode, the neutral beam becomes a negative ion beam by adding electron channels, and the first acceleration is completed in the second accelerating tube. The next two accelerations are completed by a two-stage tandem accelerator with a positive high-voltage electrode."

Looking at Zhao Zhongyao who was talking freely, Xu Yun frowned slightly.

There is nothing wrong with the principle Zhao Zhongyao said. The tandem accelerator is just as its name implies, which is an electrostatic accelerator with multiple components connected in series.

This kind of tandem structure is common with two sections, and there are three or even four sections.

In terms of architecture.

The two ends of the tandem accelerator are at ground potential, and the transmission chain driven by the motor transports positive charges to the high-voltage electrode.

The negative ions generated by the ion source are accelerated in the accelerating tube, and when they reach the charge exchange chamber at the high-voltage end, they are stripped of charge and become positive ions, and then they can continue to accelerate in another accelerating tube.

In general, the total equivalent acceleration voltage can be several times higher than that of ordinary electrostatic accelerators.

But I don't know why.

Xu Yun always felt that something was strange, but it seemed that he couldn't explain it for a while.

After a while.

Zhao Zhongyao finally finished introducing the structure of the tandem electrostatic accelerator. Except for Li Jue, most of the big guys on the scene basically have some intersection with theoretical physics, so most people understood the information Zhao Zhongyao said and had a general understanding of this tandem electrostatic accelerator.

Seeing this situation.

Zhao Zhongyao's disciple Cheng Kaijia couldn't help rubbing his hands and said to Zhao Zhongyao:

"Teacher, in this case. Let's try to turn it on now?"

Zhao Zhongyao turned his head and looked at Li Jue. After getting Li Jue's approval, he nodded:

"Okay, the purpose of inviting everyone here today is to try this equipment. Now that everything that should be introduced has been introduced, let's start the trial run."

"Xiao Wang, you get ready and turn it on in twenty minutes!"

Wang Ganchang nodded when he heard it:

"Understood!"

After that, he turned around and prepared to leave the room from the air shower room and go to the equipment room opposite the glass to prepare.

And just when Wang Ganchang walked to the side of the air shower room,

Looking at the whirring fan in the air shower room, a flash of lightning suddenly flashed through Xu Yun's mind.

He suddenly held the handle of the wheelchair and shouted loudly:

"Comrade Wang Jing, please wait a moment!"

Wang Ganchang stopped and looked at Xu Yun blankly:

"Advisor Han, what's the matter?"

"."

Xu Yun was silent for a few seconds, turned his head to confirm the diagram on the wall, then took a deep breath and said word by word:

"Comrade Wang Jing, you can't turn on the machine!"

"Because..."

"There is a problem with the drawing given by the British!"

Note:

The experiment has reached the most critical time these days. Ten sets of materials have been sintered, so the update may be unstable. I hope everyone will forgive me. It should be back to normal in a few days.