Chapter 146: Perfunctory Treatment of the UK and Environmental Restoration (Two in One)

The British side's probing did not achieve much effect. For the so-called first request, Pitt himself knew it was outrageous.

After all, the purchase price of cotton in India with the British was only 40% of the market price, and even if the premium was doubled, it was far from enough.

Moreover, Egyptian cotton was originally a very high-quality variety.

Egypt's climate is suitable for cotton growth, and it has a high wool yield, strong toughness, and high strength, which is suitable for the needs of many industries. The key point is that the output of Egyptian long-staple cotton is good.

As for Indian cotton?

The varieties of cotton that have been passed down to this day are mainly long-staple cotton originating in South America and fine-staple cotton originating in Central America.

Although the coarse-staple cotton originating from India has low yield and short fibers, it is not suitable for machine spinning.

However, before the introduction of cotton from the Americas, it still occupied an advantage in various fabrics in Eurasia and was widely spread in Asia.

But when Emperor Serbia took out Egyptian long-staple cotton, Indian cotton was nothing.

In addition, it is much closer from Egypt to Britain than from India to Britain, and there is much less loss.

Of course, the most important thing is not these, but the lack of cotton in the British now.

At this point in time, the number of cotton bags imported by Britain from India was roughly three digits, while in 1810, this number was seven digits.

Although everyone knows that the southern United States is the main area for cotton exports, even if America has become independent.

But can the Dixies and Yankees play together?

It is simply impossible. The plantation owners or slave owners are born with conflicts with the capitalists in the North. I don’t care about your industrial development. I will sell cotton to whomever I want, unless you pay more.

So although the thirteen North American continents were lost, Britain could still buy cotton from North America.

But this is not enough. Looking at the entire development process of the New England (US) textile industry, 1790-1820 can be regarded as its rise stage.

In 1790, British immigrant Samuel Streit successfully built a new spinning machine in New England, which mechanized the spinning process and marked the rise of the New England textile industry.

17 Whitney invented the cotton gin, which increased the cotton removal efficiency by hundreds of times and strongly promoted the development of the New England textile industry.

In 1813, Francis Cabot Lowell introduced the British Cartwright power loom and opened a comprehensive textile factory from cotton spinning to cloth production. The establishment of the factory marked the entry of New England's textile industry into a new stage of development.

In the 1920s and 1930s, England's textile industry ushered in a period of rapid development.

The development of New England's industry, dominated by the textile industry, has driven the urbanization of the entire New England region.

Lowell was the largest textile center in the entire New England region at that time and a new industrial city.

In terms of output value, the total output value of the textile industry reached 47 million US dollars in 1835, and only 20 million US dollars in 1790.

In other words, it is inevitable to find a new raw material source for England, because the textile industry in North America needs to develop, and the textile industry in England needs to develop even more.

So, the Great did not refuse, but replied to the British ambassador, promising to base it on the number of cotton bales exported from India to Britain, and to adjust the export amount according to market conditions in the future.

As for the second request of Britain, exporting technology in exchange for tax cuts, let alone what he did earlier, if he believed Britain, it would be a brain hole for the emperor to believe it.

Why did the Industrial Revolution happen in Britain? From the perspective of the emperor, the first reason is that the Malthusian trap swept Europe.

The second reason is that Britain is close to coal mines and the transportation cost is very low.

Third, in fact, the ideological liberation and academic logical reasoning after the Renaissance have already formed the prototype of science today, and the improvement of the steam engine has only achieved a breakthrough in efficiency.

In other words, Britain must take the lead in breaking through the Malthusian trap and realizing the exploration of early modern industrial design.

The Ottoman Empire did not have this condition, which is why the emperor always advocated that the Ottoman Empire provide funds and Britain send people.

For a country without sufficient accumulation and a country without trial and error opportunities, the emperor was not at ease except for letting himself operate.

Is there a powerful country that blindly imitates and imports other people's machines?

Yes, of course there is, Tsarist Russia is one, it looks really strong, and it is actually very strong, until it met Germany after the second industrial revolution, and the record of World War I is enough to explain everything.

How can a country without its own industrial system remain strong?

Even if it does, it is a false strength.

If the British request is followed, tariffs are lowered, and British engineers are allowed to guide the industrialization of the Ottoman Empire, this is to hand over the initiative to others. The Great cannot see this, so it is better to die headfirst.

As for the third request of the British?

The Great would like to ask, is George III the Caliph or is he the Caliph?

The Ottoman army has not moved yet, why are you British asking this? You are so bored, right?

However, for the three requests of the British, I think so, but I definitely can't say so.

Diplomatic rhetoric is all about nonsense, but in fact there is only one core.

For example, the two replies written by Haji Pasha at the instruction of the Great.

"As the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Sultan, I, Haji Pasha, respect the opinions of His Majesty King George of England and Prime Minister William Pitt.

However, regarding the issue of the protection rights of Orthodox Christians within the empire, our position on the Ottoman side is consistent and very clear.

Orthodox Christians are subjects of the Ottoman Empire. The issue of Orthodox Christians is purely an internal matter of the Ottoman Empire and does not allow interference from external forces.

The Ottoman side has previously made solemn representations to Russia regarding the various false claims made by Russian Queen Catherine II.

We advise some people in Russia not to play the "Orthodox card" and not to play with fire, otherwise they will only get burned and reap the consequences.

All wrong actions against the general trend of the Ottoman Empire are like worms shaking a tree and are doomed to failure.

Of course, the Ottoman side’s position on the issue of foreign exchanges between Orthodox Christians within the empire is consistent and clear.

The Ottomans have no objection to non-governmental economic, trade and cultural exchanges between foreign countries and Orthodox Christians, but they oppose the development of any form of official relations.

The Orthodox Christians are also the subjects of the Sudan. Any reactionary remarks made by foreign forces under the guise of liberating the Orthodox Christians and rescuing the Slavs will make the Ottoman Empire in no way weak.

Of course, the Ottoman Empire also welcomes the Kingdom of England to stand on the side of peace and justice and join our country in condemning Russia’s inappropriate remarks to prevent tragedies like Poland from happening again. "

This one was sent to the British Foreign Secretary, and the other one was sent to British Prime Minister Peter.

"As for the British concerns about the Arab region, the Ottoman side is very happy that the Kingdom of England, as a major European country, pays attention to regional security and peace.

However, the Arab region is an internal matter of the Ottoman Empire. The British side should believe that the Ottoman Empire has the ability and confidence to handle this issue.

The Ottoman side's policy stance towards the UK is consistent and clear. We are committed to achieving mutual respect, peaceful coexistence and win-win cooperation with the UK side, while firmly safeguarding our sovereignty, security and development interests.

The Ottoman policy towards Britain has always maintained a high degree of continuity and stability.

The Ottoman side has always advocated the establishment of a Turkish-British relationship featuring non-conflict, non-confrontation, mutual respect and win-win cooperation, while firmly safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests.

The Ottoman Empire also made it clear that the Arab issue is the core of the Ottoman Empire's core interests. The Arab region's belonging to the Ottoman Empire is the principle of the Ottoman Empire's foreign exchanges and the political foundation of the Ottoman Empire's relations with other countries.

The British side should respect the principle that the Arab region belongs to the Ottoman Empire and abide by the basic norms of international relations that respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of other countries and non-interference in internal affairs.

The Ottomans had indisputable sovereignty over the Arabian region and its adjacent waters.

The Ottoman side is willing to properly resolve relevant issues through consultation.

We also hope that the UK will earnestly respect its national sovereignty, refrain from taking actions that may complicate or expand disputes, and jointly safeguard peace and stability in the Arab region. "

Looking at the two replies in front of him, Emperor Sai felt funny. Hey, he felt nostalgic for his homeland.

After yawning, the Emperor signaled Paul to give the reply to Haji Pasha, asking him to forward it directly to the British Foreign Secretary and Prime Minister through the channels of the Minister of Foreign Affairs.

As for Emperor Sai himself?

Of course there are activities, specifically tree planting activities.

The Mesopotamian Plain in the Mesopotamian Basin was originally a wealthy land, but the years of tug-of-war between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid Persians, coupled with the Bedouin's penchant for plowing valleys, made this Fertile Crescent completely deserted. .

In order to support the population growth of the Ottoman Empire in the future, Egypt alone will definitely not be enough. Egypt is indeed the perfect place to develop modern agriculture, but it is also the perfect place for industrialization, because the cotton textile industry is the first step in the industrial revolution.

As for why we rely on Bal, this kind of thing will be discussed later. Emperor Sai is not at ease now. He will wait for at least fifty years.

In this case, it is necessary to repair the Iraq area or the Mesopotamia Plain.

As early as 5000 BC, water control technology was used in early countries in the Fertile Crescent.

In the Nile and Tigris-Euphrates basins, completely different methods have been developed due to the different characteristics of the floodplains in the two areas.

In Egypt, states based on agricultural production first appeared in the Nile Valley in 5000 BC.

Nile floods were particularly suitable for agriculture. The floods come from the Ethiopian highlands during the monsoon rains in East Africa.

In early summer, the Nile's main tributaries, the White Nile and Blue Nile, reach flood level.

The river reached Egypt in early August and flooded the valley floor.

By late August, in time for the autumn planting season, the river receded, leaving behind silt deposits that covered the fields. This pattern was not interrupted until the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1972.

The early Egyptian dynasty learned to take advantage of the floods of the Nile River and cultivate grains in accordance with its rhythm.

During the Pharaonic period, a system of river basin irrigation was developed to ensure regular grain cultivation.

They created openings in the river banks, allowing floodwaters to cover adjacent agricultural areas.

When the flood waters recede, water is pumped from the Nile through various lifting facilities. These facilities include water booms, Archimedean screw pumps, and water trucks.

These facilities could be powered by either humans or domesticated animals, and were well adapted to the Nile.

The environment in the Tigris and Euphrates river valleys is quite different.

The Tigris crests in April, when it would have harmed spring harvests, rather than in late summer. And its steep banks and rapid currents present challenges for hydraulic engineers.

In contrast, the Euphrates trickles through an arid floodplain and loses much of its water to evaporation.

Evidence of irrigation works in the Tigris-Euphrates basin dates back to 5000 BC.

By 1500 BC, humans were able to significantly redirect the flow of water across the floodplain. Through a systematic, politically directed process over more than a thousand years, five major transverse canals were opened to divert water from the Euphrates across the floodplain to the Tigris.

The second major engineering feat that expanded irrigation in the region was the construction of two massive, interconnected, parallel artificial canals between 1000 BC and 1000 AD. The canals (real artificial rivers) diverting water from the Tigris—the Nakhlawan and Ghislawi Canals—were among the greatest engineering projects of the time.

To slow and divert the fast-flowing rivers, rulers built weirs.

As a result of these hydraulic projects, the Mesopotamian floodplains were transformed. By the Sassanid period, as far back as Selim knew, a large canal complex, including five large dams, had been built on the Karun River and the numerous tributaries of the Tigris-Euphrates in northeastern Khuzestan.

It is no exaggeration to say that at the height of the Sassanid Empire, the floodplains contributed nearly 50% of land tax revenue.

The vast increase in irrigated land made it possible to grow summer crops, which greatly increased food supplies.

As a result, the population of Mesopotamia reached an all-time high during the Sassanid period.

Despite the impressive engineering projects of the Sassanid Empire, prosperity proved unsustainable once the central government declined and the hydraulic projects fell into disrepair.

Looking back, the course of the Euphrates River shifted more than 300 kilometers by 1000 BC, leaving the floodplain center high and dry.

These shifts became a cyclical pattern. Continued flooding and hydrological changes in the 6th and 7th centuries further undermined the prosperity of the Tigris-Euphrates Delta region.

In the early 7th century, the Tigris shifted again on a large scale, turning some sections of the Diyala floodplain from prime agricultural land to desert and weakening the Sassanid Empire during a critical period of warfare with the Byzantine Empire.

To the north, siltation and salinization gradually blocked the transverse canals, weirs and sluices.

Although Arab conquerors made great efforts to restore this system since the mid-7th century and revived agriculture for a while, they ultimately failed.

By the time of the Mongol conquest, this complex in Mesopotamia was no longer functional.

So, what Sethir the Great had to do was to restore the ecological environment of the Mesopotamian plain first. How could such a piece of Fertile Crescent be wasted?

As for how to restore it, let's plant trees first. Sethir the Great has already thought of the people who planted trees.

First of all, the people who shouted slogans, Anna can take advantage of this opportunity to lead Muslim women and female Orthodox Christians to do some organizational work together, which can be regarded as freeing Muslim women.

As for who plants trees? Shia Muslims live here, shouldn't they plant trees? After all, this is where they live all year round, shouldn't they repair it?

Shia may say that Sunni Muslims also live here.

Is there?

Anyway, Emperor Seba doesn't know, so he has to use Shia. This is also a win-win situation. Emperor Seba wins twice, isn't it a win-win situation?

Thank you for the monthly tickets from all book friends. One of the previous chapters disappeared. . . Because I was writing too much when I was imitating, so this problem occurred. I am a bit of a culprit. . .