Chapter 270 Kirin 955

The two "stars" of the Asia Star program don't know yet that the polar bears are preparing fragrant fish bait for them, but ESA has already willingly eaten the ADC's fish bait.

In Beijing, the chief engineers of the Space Administration and Xinyuan obtained the basic design drawings and launch routes of the ESA HVE rocket and discussed it in front of them.

The engineers sent by the European Space Agency (mainly Italian and French) listened humbly to the opinions of the East.

In terms of space technology, Europe can say that it has unique and excellent technology, but there is really nothing to brag about in terms of rockets.

In the past, Ariane 5 could still blow some, but was pinned to the ground and rubbed by Long March 10. Even if the latter had some problems with its first launch, it was not fatal. It was still a powerful giant rocket, not to mention Xinyuan. .

Androv looked at the basic drawings of the HVE rocket, then carefully evaluated the technical data on the 5.2-meter-diameter rocket body and EAP booster issued by ESA, and nodded slowly in the expectant eyes of ESA experts.

"There is no problem with the basic design of HVE, and the rocket body material is also very good."

But before ESA could be happy, Androv made another twist:

"But four solid thrusters are too expensive and the vibration is relatively large. It is better to change to two, connect more superchargers in series for the EAP, and increase the thrust of a single unit to 1,200 to 1,400 tons, which is the level of the space shuttle SRB. Are there any technical difficulties?"

After hearing this, the experts from ESA turned to Simon, an expert from CNES (China Space Agency), who was deeply involved in the development of the Ariane 5 rocket and is also the chief engineer of HVE.

Simon naturally understood EAP and quickly gave the answer:

"There is no problem. We may need to strengthen the combustion chamber, but there is enough time. We will be able to complete the manufacturing of the new EAP in 2017."

Androv: "Then I have nothing more to say. Has HVE really decided to develop its own engines for both the second and third stages?"

Simon: "The second-stage and third-stage engines only require slight improvements to the Vulcan 2. We think it is very reliable."

On the space agency’s side, Yun Hongjun, chief engineer of the Long March 10, also gave his own opinion:

"Unlike SLS, although HVE is also a solid-liquid hybrid propulsion, the core stage of HVE is a kerosene engine with very strong thrust. If we want to consider both the separate launch of core stage VV-1 (Veneto 1) and the formation of HVE, one The burning time of the stage needs to be compromised and the dead weight should be controlled within an appropriate range.”

The take-off mass of HVE is expected to be around 2,300 to 2,500 tons. It is a real giant rocket. ESA did not take the advice of others and listened to the opinions of the Aerospace Development Commission and others, and slightly modified part of the design.

Androv: "Now that the VV-1 project has been approved, 2 K400 and 16 YF100V engines are ready for shipment. These engines will be shipped in December. What do you think?"

Salur: "No, airlift, we can't wait for them to be in place, and can your engineers arrive soon? Your ADC is the fastest part of the entire Selene plan to complete, and one of VV's We plan to complete the rocket body design in 6 months and ask you to customize a reliable recovery system.”

Androv: "If the maintenance and repairs comply with the procedures, we guarantee 20 trouble-free recycling times. If problems occur, we will provide corresponding compensation."

Simon: "Thank you, please sign the contract as soon as possible. I can't wait to send HVE into space."

Androv: "Wait a minute, are you interested in buying space shuttle insulation tiles, the kind that can be reused five times?"

ESA expert: "..."

Simon looked at his counterpart, the ESA representative, who gritted his teeth and said:

"Customization...is there any charge?"

…

Huawei laboratory.

Yu Chendong picked up a black integrated SOC. The silk screen on it was SMIC, which is a chip manufactured and packaged by Huaxin International. The corner mark is 65H4, which means the fourth iteration of the 28nm process after multiple exposures of the 65nm lithography machine.

This is the first Kirin SOC to use Xianyuan EDA software, HiSilicon Kirin 959 processor.

After solving 97 key issues, under the leadership of the Science and Technology Commission, the national semiconductor industry began to charge towards the ternary system.

97 Problems solves the problem of using immersion multiple exposure lithography machines to produce 28nm chips with an acceptable yield rate. At the same time, it supports the establishment of a good 28nm chip production line, and the cost is only about 5% to 7% higher than that of TSMC.

The development of a more professional new generation of 28nm lithography machines is being stepped up, and it is expected to complete the development and manufacturing of the new generation of lithography machines in early 2018.

At the same time, Ziguang, ZTE, Wuhan Digital Technology Research Institute, Huake Loongson and other companies were engaged in related processor development work. After discussions, Huawei, which had already implemented equity reform, was brought in, becoming the first batch of private companies to develop ternary mobile phone processors. enterprise.

After learning that China actually had such a strong ternary technology reserve, Huawei immediately invested heavily in it and began to digest the ternary circuit design ideas and underlying architecture design provided by Xinyuan.

After discussion, a group of executives believed that the country would definitely work hard to promote ternary chips and ecology in the future, so they asked HiSilicon Labs to make ternary chips as soon as possible, and they also began to compile the X language system from the bottom.

The operating system is actually quite simple. At the summit, Huanghe Semiconductor said that Xinyuan's XOS will be open to the outside world, not closed like IOS, and hopes to achieve the unification of mobile and desktop systems by starting from scratch.

In other words, the popular mobile phone-computer system in the future will be consistent and seamlessly switched. Taking advantage of the current blank sheet of paper, Huanghe Semiconductor requires manufacturers to unify from now on, and the approval is relatively smooth.

Huawei found that although XOS is indeed very simple and has no software, the underlying architecture is not at all like the unexpected perfection of the new system. It can almost be used like Google's Android with an interface optimization, and the main thing is to develop the software ecosystem.

As for the core component SOC, HiSilicon Kirin did not redesign it. In order to reduce the design time, the design of the Kirin 950 octa-core processor was moved over, and then optimized and improved according to the characteristics of the ternary circuit.

The Kirin 950 has about 3 billion transistors inside. After being transformed into the ternary Kirin 959, the number of equivalent field-effect transistors has dropped to about 2 billion, but the overall performance has increased by 15%, almost a generation gap, surpassing the current consumer market's most powerful processor, Qualcomm Snapdragon 820.

The Kirin 959 is naturally equipped with a new ternary RAM and ROM. Although the use of diode analog field-effect transistors will increase the space of a single basic component of the ternary chip, resulting in fewer basic components, the ternary system represents more states, and the same ternary chip is much more efficient.

In the ternary system, 9 ternary bits are used as a byte, which is different from the 8 bits in the binary system.

So a ternary byte can store 19683 states, rather than 256 states of a binary byte, and the length is about 76 times that of a binary byte!

This is enough to store commonly used Chinese characters and quite a few rare characters. After all, people only use 3,000 Chinese characters.

There are also differences in units:

Westerners prefer to divide by 1000, while binary computers stipulate that 1KB=2^10 (i.e. 1024)B, and manufacturers use 1KB=1000B, so in many cases, the 1GB announced by storage manufacturers is only 931MB in the eyes of binary computers, which is why the available space of the 1000G hard drive you bought is only 931GB.

In ternary computers, Xinyuan stipulates that 1KB=1000B, 1MB=1000KB, and 1GB=1000MB.

If you simply convert according to the storage status, 1B (ternary)=76.8867B (binary)

Of course, it is not actually possible. According to the regulations, the space of 1 byte in ternary and 1 byte in binary can only hold 1 number or English letter (Chinese character). Most of the time, the space is still the same, but it can still greatly reduce the size of the file.

It is especially advantageous for the Chinese Internet. After all, 2 8-bit bytes in binary can store a Chinese character, while 1 9-bit byte in ternary is enough.

Huawei's next-generation flagship phone is named mate10, equipped with Kirin 959 processor and 9+162G running memory and storage space, and ZTE and Unisplendour's chips are not far behind, Yu Chendong wants to compete for the first place.

Sneak attack update!

ps: The author has never studied digital and analog electronics, all the data are from Zhihu and Baidu, please let it go~