Chapter 269 Because I Don’t Have Time
For any physicist who studies high-energy physics and theoretical physics.
The Large Hadron Collider is always an irresistible temptation.
For physicists, the miracles of the universe, the mysteries of microscopic particles, and the composition of all things in the world, everything can be obtained from the Large Hadron Collider.
Xu Chuan is no exception. He also looks forward to a Large Hadron Collider with stronger performance and higher collision energy than the LHC.
In the hope of discovering more mysteries of the universe with it.
But now is not the time.
After thinking for a while, he replied: "On the one hand, it is very expensive. To build a large particle collider, tens of billions of funds are needed."
"If we want to start a new controlled nuclear fusion project and a large particle collider at the same time, it will put a lot of pressure on the national finance."
"On the other hand, and more importantly, we don't have enough physics talents at present!"
"Building a large particle collider now, before our country's physics talents have grown up, can be said to be making wedding clothes for other countries."
"So it's better to wait for another year or two. Anyway, we have joined CERN as a member state and have a certain voice and position in the European Atomic Energy Research Center. We can use the LHC there to train a group of talents for us in the next two years before starting the large particle collider."
The old man thought for a while and said: "If we don't have our own particle collider, will we fall behind in the dark matter? After all, this is a brand new field."
In the past few decades, because of the backward development of new fields, China has caught up with several generations. And the suffering, blood and tears, humiliation and grievances suffered in it will never make people want to do it again.
Dark matter is undoubtedly a new field now.
Especially when the discoverer is still in his own country, it is completely unreasonable to lag behind other countries.
Although the simultaneous launch of two super projects, controlled nuclear fusion and large-scale particle collider, puts huge pressure on finance and other aspects.
But now China is not incapable of supporting two super projects at the same time. When it was poor and destitute, it achieved two bombs and one satellite, let alone now.
Xu Chuan smiled and said, "Don't worry, dark matter won't easily become a new field that affects the entire world."
"Although I am almost certain that the new discovery this time is the inert neutrino, strictly speaking, the inert neutrino is not dark matter."
"It is a particle with some dark matter characteristics released during the decay or formation of dark matter."
"At the same time, it also has some physical properties of conventional particles, so it can be observed by the detector."
"If it is real dark matter, with the current equipment of the European Atomic Energy Research Center, it can be said that it is impossible to observe real dark matter."
"I suggest that we wait a while before building a large particle collider. This is also partly because of this."
"We need to wait until the technology is updated and replaced, and then go all the way to improve the collision energy level and detection methods by one or even several steps."
"That is the best choice."
For Xu Chuan, it is indeed not a wise thing to build a large particle collider now.
He still has room-temperature superconductivity, double magnetic mirrors, and strong magnetic mirror hoop control torus technologies that have not been brought out. These things can be used on the collider to greatly improve performance.
In addition, there is a more critical point!
After a pause, Xu Chuan added: "In addition, I don't have enough time and energy to host two super projects at the same time."
Whether it is controlled nuclear fusion or large particle collider, he must get it.
He is not at ease to hand it over to others!
In this era, these two super projects can only play the greatest value and possibility in his hands.
Hearing Xu Chuan's answer, the old man also smiled.
He naturally heard the meaning of the words, but this was probably the first time that the young scholar showed his sharp and confident side in front of him.
But this is the most normal.
A super genius who can win the Nobel Prize in Physics and the Fields Medal at the age of 21, a scholar who has stood at the pinnacle of academia at an extremely young age, how can he not have his own pride.
In Beijing, Xu Chuan stayed for three days.
In addition to the individual conversation on the first day, he also participated in several scientific and technological conferences to exchange and promote a series of things such as investment in the field of high-energy physics, controlled nuclear fusion projects, nuclear waste reuse, and nuclear power plant expansion.
At the meeting, Xu Chuan maintained a cautious attitude and only expressed some opinions on the areas he was familiar with.
As he had thought before, with his current status, every word he said could have a great impact, especially at such a top-level meeting.
After dealing with things in Beijing, Xu Chuan took the high-speed rail back to Jinling.
Things related to inert neutrinos have come to an end for the time being. Subsequent research will have to wait until the European Atomic Energy Research Center restarts the collision time at the 13Tev energy level, and he has returned to his normal life.
He goes to Nanjing University to take a class every day, and the rest of the time is used to study and understand the mathematical manuscripts and papers related to the NS equation, and teach two students at the same time.
Nowadays, the nuclear energy beta radiation energy concentration and conversion into electric energy project has gradually come to an end for him. In addition, after a trip to Beijing, it is almost certain that the next project will be controllable nuclear fusion.
Then the mathematical model used to control the controllable nuclear fusion reactor chamber is the most important problem that needs to be solved at present.
Xu Chuan has a very deep understanding of controllable nuclear fusion. He is not only the first person in the world today, but he is at least one of the top three.
After all, he spent a long time studying this in the second half of his previous life.
From superconducting materials to strong magnetic mirror hoop control torus, to radiation gap buffer technology and ultra-supercritical thermal engine conversion technology, he developed it all for the purpose of studying controllable nuclear fusion.
And about the constraints of ultra-high temperature plasma in the reactor chamber.
It can be said to be the biggest, or most core and most common problem in the realization of controllable nuclear fusion technology.
This is why there are currently two main technical routes in the field of controllable nuclear fusion research. Both tokamak and stellarator are facing common problems.
High temperature, high density, and long-term restraint!
If these three are separated, there are still many ways to do it individually based on current technological means.
For example, high temperatures require very harsh conditions to produce controllable nuclear fusion.
The Earth, which is unable to react normally with internal nuclear fusion through huge pressure like stars like the Sun, can only make up for it by increasing its temperature.
To fuse the deuterium and tritium materials in the reactor chamber, temperatures of hundreds of millions of degrees are required.
But even so, there are still many ways to do it.
For example, laser focus ignition, such as heating the plasma itself by energizing it, such as compressing the plasma volume to release heat, etc., these can achieve high temperatures of hundreds of millions of degrees.
Even without considering the maintenance time, the group of people at European Atomic Energy Research also used the Large Strong Particle Collider LHC to create an ultra-high temperature of more than 5.5 trillion degrees.
It can be seen that high temperature is not a factor that leads to uncontrollable nuclear fusion.
But if you put the three together, it becomes extremely difficult to control them.
To carry out controllable nuclear fusion, an ignition temperature of hundreds of millions of degrees is required, as well as a regular operating temperature of tens of millions of degrees. It can be said that no solid material can currently withstand this temperature and can only be restrained by a strong magnetic field.
However, when it comes to controlling and constraining ultra-high-temperature plasma in a chamber through magnetic fields, the biggest problem is the irregular turbulence caused by the large Reynolds coefficient of ultra-high-temperature plasma.
In the high-density plasma bound by the electromagnetic field, any slight disturbance will cause chaos in the entire system composed of plasma.
Once the ultra-high temperature plasma of tens of millions of degrees goes out of control, it will cause irreparable damage to the reactor chamber.
The prerequisite for commercialization is long-term operation and stable energy output.
Otherwise, a controllable nuclear fusion reactor needs to be inspected after running for one or two days, which can be said to be meaningless.
In order to achieve long-term control, it is necessary to establish a mathematical model for the ultra-high temperature plasma in the controllable nuclear fusion reactor chamber.
This is also one of the cores of current research on controllable nuclear fusion in various countries.
But to be honest, this research is not favored by many people.
In order to establish a mathematical model to control the ultra-high temperature plasma in the reactor chamber, in today's field of controlled nuclear fusion, it is better to find a material that can resist plasma sputtering for a relatively long time. hope.
For example, China is relatively far along this road and has mastered the world's leading first-wall material manufacturing technology.
For example, beryllium copper tungsten composite materials that enhance thermal load were developed by Huaguo and are widely used in domestic controllable nuclear fusion research.
Even the international cooperation "International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER)" has more than 10% of the first wall materials using this composite gold.
To be honest, it is necessary to seek the ultimate countermeasure material to achieve controllable nuclear fusion.
Although everyone knows that establishing mathematical models for ultra-high temperature plasma turbulence is the right path.
But it is too difficult to achieve this path.
Turbulence is one of the biggest problems in mathematics and physics. It is very difficult in today's mathematics community to establish an accurate control model for ordinary water flow and air turbulence.
Not to mention the ultra-high temperature plasma turbulence inside the chamber of a controllable fusion reactor.
Judging from the Reynolds number formula Re=ρvd/μ, which is the simplest, most convenient and quickest way to calculate fluids, any increase in v, ρ, or μ will lead to an increase in the dimensionless number of the fluid flow.
The high-density plasma trapped in the reactor chamber by the electromagnetic field has a large Reynolds number, which is undoubtedly quite large.
To build a mathematical model for this kind of turbulence, if you ask any mathematics professor, even a Fields Medal winner, you will only get one answer.
That just can't be done!
Unless, you can solve NS equations.
In the office, Xu Chuan flipped through the papers in his hand.
There are a lot of similar things on his desk.
Part of it is the research on nonlinear partial differential equations and Euler equations by his ancestor, Mr. Grothendieck, and more is the information about NS equations collected by Fefferman.
After reading the information in his hand, Xu Chuan threw it to the table, took out a ballpoint pen from the pencil case, and began to stare at the A4 paper in front of him in a daze.
Although he had worked with Fefferman to solve part of the NS equation before, when he started to delve into the NS equation, he still felt that he had no idea where to start.
After thinking for a long time, Xu Chuan threw the ballpoint pen in his hand aside and looked up at the ceiling silently.
In the office, his two students Amelia and Gu Bing looked at him curiously from time to time.
To be honest, in their impression, their mentor has never been so confused since they met.
"Professor, have you encountered any problems?"
After watching Xu Chuan in a daze for a long time, Amelia, who was more lively, finally couldn't help it and asked curiously.
Hearing the question, Xu Chuan unconsciously replied: "I'm thinking about how to use mathematics to calculate infinite discrete diffusion motion in a finite-dimensional vector field."
Amelia: ? ? ? ?
Gu Bing: ? ? ? ?
What the hell is this answer from the tutor?
The question raised by Xu Chuan is not difficult to understand, but the finite-dimensional vector field cannot be linked to discrete diffusion motion, right?
The former is the theory that any non-zero finite-dimensional vector space on the number field P must have a basis, which belongs to the field of linear algebra; while the latter is something in the field of physics, right? If there is anything in mathematics that can be linked to it, then at most discrete mathematics and fluid mathematics can be connected.
How to answer two fields that are almost unrelated?
For a while, Amelia and Gu Bing fell into confusion.
However, the questions of the two people made Xu Chuan wake up from his distraction.
Perhaps, he needs a little help from others.
If a person can't think of any way, then at least he should listen to the ideas of others.
Thinking of this, Xu Chuan ignored the two confused students and got up and left the office directly.
Coming out of the teaching building, waiting at the gate for a while, a Hongqi car drove over.
"Professor, where are you going?"
After Xu Chuan got on the bus, Zheng Hai turned around and asked.
"Go home, and book me a high-speed rail ticket to Beijing."
There are not many people in China who can help him with mathematics, but there is one person who can definitely help him, and he happens to be in China right now.