Chapter 125 The Influence of Companion Stars on Betelgeuse (Part 1)
The laboratory fell into silence for a while, and then Xu Chuan said, "Suppose that there really is a companion star in Betelgeuse's hydrogen envelope. If we simply want to confirm its existence, is there any way?"
Hearing this, Liu Xuan raised his head and said, "This may be possible, but it depends on how far it is from the core."
"You know, from an astronomical point of view, the spectrum of every star is different. Even the same star has different spectra in different periods."
"Today's Betelgeuse is a red supergiant with an M1-M2Ia-Iab spectrum. If there is a companion star in its hydrogen envelope, and the companion star is close to the outer edge of the hydrogen envelope, then the light of the companion star will And radiation can be transmitted to the earth through Betelgeuse's outer hydrogen envelope. Although it may be very weak, it can still be distinguished and confirmed based on this. "
"In addition, things like temperature and luminosity can also be used as auxiliary judgment methods."
"There must be differences in the surface temperature and luminosity of Betelgeuse and the temperature and luminosity of the companion star. Maybe we can search for previous data. There may be anomalies in the previous observation data, but no one has considered this aspect."
"If the companion star really exists, then it must be orbiting around the core of Betelgeuse and have a periodic time."
"We should be able to find some clues if we keep observing it, but we're not sure how long it will take."
After a pause, Liu Xuan suddenly remembered something, and then asked: "By the way, junior brother, you can calculate the diameter of this companion star, but what about the mass? If the mass can be calculated, perhaps we can roughly infer the companion star. How far is it from the core of Betelgeuse?"
"Knowing the mass and distance, we can calculate how long its revolution period is."
Xu Chuan: "We don't know yet. I have only calculated the diameter of Betelgeuse. I am not sure whether the first set of data will also produce two sets of answers when calculating the mass."
"Well, find me a quieter room and I'll try."
Liu Xuan nodded, looked at a middle-aged man who was not from the Department of Astronomy at NTU, and said, "Director Zhang, can you borrow a room temporarily?"
When asked, the middle-aged man surnamed Zhang grinned and said, "It's okay. We may not have much food and drink here, but there are many free rooms."
"This must be Xu Chuan who proved the Weyl-Berry conjecture. I heard that NTU has produced a mathematical genius that is rare to see in a hundred years. When I saw it today, it turned out that he really lived up to his reputation. He can even calculate the volume and mass of distant stars. If this is really a breakthrough, it will be a revolutionary change for the astronomical world. Let alone a room, you can live here for a year and a half without any problem. "
Xu Chuan stood up, smiled, and said, "Sorry, Director Zhang."
"It's okay, it's okay. Do you need it now?"
Xu Chuan nodded and said, "Well, this matter should be done sooner rather than later."
To be honest, he didn't expect that using the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem to calculate Betelgeuse's information would lead to such a thing.
He thought that as long as the observation information was collected completely, he would be able to complete the calculation smoothly.
Who would have thought that there might be a companion star hidden inside Betelgeuse's hydrogen envelope?
This matter is serious even if it is serious, and it is not serious even if it is not serious.
The serious problem is that Betelgeuse is a late-life, massive star that may undergo a supernova explosion at any time in the future.
Although the current astronomical community has calculated that there is an angular difference between Betelgeuse's magnetic pole and the solar system, even if a supernova explosion does not pose a threat to the solar system, gamma ray bursts will not be aimed at the earth.
But if there is an additional companion star, it will be a mystery again what changes will occur when the supernova explodes. No one knows at what angle the gamma ray burst will sweep across the universe.
It's not serious, but according to the current calculations for Betelgeuse, it may take several thousand or tens of thousands of years before it explodes as a supernova, or even hundreds of thousands of years.
When this time passes, it’s unclear whether humans will still be on the earth, and even if they are still around, what will humans have to do with them at that time?
After all, "I won't care about the flood after I die."
Xu Chuan didn't have this idea. He found a problem and must find a way to solve it.
Even if you can't solve it, you should try your best to understand the situation of the problem.
Following Director Zhang in front of him, Xu Chuan came to a small room on the third floor of the research institute.
"Is this okay? This is a laboratory on the side of the observatory. Usually no one comes here. It's very quiet and easy to think."
Director Zhang asked Xu Chuan, turning on the incandescent light in the room and turning on the air conditioner.
Xu Chuan glanced at the room. There were tables and chairs, then nodded and said, "Okay, please, Director Zhang."
"Well, what's the point? Your research is of great significance to our astronomical community. It is a brand-new method of calculating star information. With it, we can more accurately explore the universe and the sea of stars in the future."
Director Zhang smiled and shook his head, then said: "Then I won't disturb you for now. If you need anything, you can come to me in Office 106 on the first floor."
Just as he walked out of the room, Director Zhang remembered something again, turned around and came back to add: "Oh, by the way, there is one more thing."
"Don't forget the time when you are doing research. Dinner here should be different from that at your school. It is only served between 5:30 and 7:00 in the evening. It is in the cafeteria next to the first floor. If you miss the time, it will be gone."
"Besides, it's in the middle of nowhere, so you can't order takeout. The time is between 5:30 and 7:00. Remember it, don't miss it."
Xu Chuan nodded and said, "Well, I see. Thank you, Director Zhang."
"You're welcome."
The people from the observatory left, and Xu Chuan touched the table in the laboratory, which was covered with dust.
It seems that Director Zhang was right. No one usually comes here, and it's very quiet.
He took a few pieces of toilet paper from his backpack to wipe the tables and chairs, then turned on the computer and called up the observation data of parameter four.
Although the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem is also used to calculate the diameter and mass of Betelgeuse, some details are different.
He needs to integrate the mass calculation formula, the law of circular motion, Newton's law of universal gravitation, and luminosity into the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem, and then deform it again on the basis of the previous one, so that it can be transformed from the Sobolev space wave calculation method to the blackbody radiation light cone calculation.
Then use the brightness of the star to approach the boundary value, and then bring it into the formula to get the mass.
If you want to do a lot of calculations, the best way is to build a mathematical model.
However, if you study it alone, there is no need to spend that much effort. It won't be much slower to calculate directly with a pen.
After taking out the manuscript from the backpack, Xu Chuan pondered for a while, and then directly started to reverse the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem from the Sobolev space wave calculation method.
As for the previous process, there is no need for him to write it again. Those things are in his mind, very clear, and it is impossible to forget.
".When k→+∞, the asymptotic behavior of the eigenvalue λk. For λ> 0, define
N(λ)= N(λ, 4, Ω)=]{j |λj 6λ}"
"Introduce Kepler's third law, when the action range λ～1013cm, |α|<109"
"."
".When the luminosity is 90000 ~ 1.5× 10^5 L⊙, it corresponds to."
"The asymptotic behavior of λk is equivalent to studying the counting function, giving N(λ)=(2π)nωn|Ω|nλn/2 + o(λn/2)"
In the laboratory of the Southern Yunnan Observatory, Xu Chuan was concentrating on calculating the data in his hands.
This should have been completed a few days ago, but it was delayed until now due to unexpected circumstances.
However, with the previous preparation and experience, it can be said that it is easy to twist the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem this time.
In fact, the twisted Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem can be said to be a new calculation formula.
The previous calculation of the volume of Betelgeuse was , and now the calculation of the mass of parameter four is also .
Of course, to be precise, it should belong to the branch of the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem formula.
However, at present, he is the only one who can twist the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem so easily.
Even though he has publicly reported the proof process of the Weyl-Berry conjecture in Princeton, it is not so easy for others to fully digest and accept it, even for Fields Medal winners.
If a world-class conjecture is so easy to understand, it does not require six different reviewers to review it at the same time.
Although it is to ensure the rigor of the review, it is also to speed up the progress of some reviews. After all, everyone understands the part they are best at much faster than one person understands the entire argumentation process.
In the laboratory, Xu Chuan was crawling on the table, and the black signature pen in his hand was still writing on the manuscript paper.
Suddenly, the mobile phone placed next to him vibrated, which scared him.
Being suddenly interrupted when you are concentrating, even if it is a familiar mobile phone ringtone, it is easy to be scared.
After coming back to his senses, Xu Chuan breathed a sigh of relief, picked up his phone and turned off the alarm.
This was set before he started working, and the time was set to 6 pm, which is the dinner time at the observatory.
After all, Director Zhang said before that the dinner time here is fixed, and if you miss it, you will miss it.
Unlike Nanjing University, even if he tossed until one or two in the morning, he could still order takeout or something.
At the observatory, order takeout?
Don't make a fuss, the nearest town is more than 30 kilometers away, there is no takeout.
So for insurance, he set an alarm to prevent himself from missing dinner.
Man is iron, food is steel, and you will be hungry if you don't eat a meal.
Especially for his kind of work, the consumption of energy is very fast. If you don't eat dinner, you will be hungry at night.
Turning off the alarm, Xu Chuan looked at the manuscript on the table. He didn't expect that this time the reversal of the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem would be so troublesome.
The calculation of mass is much more complicated than the calculation of diameter. Even with previous experience, he took many detours this time, and more than a dozen sheets of manuscript paper on the table were wasted.
I thought that four hours should be enough, but I didn't expect that it took from two o'clock in the afternoon until now to barely integrate the calculation of blackbody radiation cone into the formula. It will probably take another two or three hours.
If it was him before rebirth, he might not be able to handle these.
After all, he was not very good at mathematics before his rebirth, especially in the areas of spectral theory and polygons, which he had not studied specifically.
Fortunately, after his rebirth, he put all his energy into mathematics, otherwise, even if he knew that the Xu-Weyl-Berry theorem could be used to calculate the fluctuations of three-dimensional stars, he would not be able to do this step now.
In a year and a half, he once again refreshed his understanding of the importance of mathematics as a basic tool in other disciplines.
It can really be said that without mathematics, other disciplines cannot be developed.